Greeks Crucible of Change Note Taking 2

• 508 B.C. ordinary turn on their rulers.
• Cleisthenes want the regular people to govern themselves.
• Aristocrat- a member of the ruling class
• Cleisthenes was an aristocrat 
• Acropolis- Athens was built around and on this, it's big area of rock.
• Aristocrats owned most of the land, hired people, and payed people whatever they felt like.
• Regular people work long hours and you don't get much in return
• Greece was divided into city-states
• mountains separated the city-states, they spoke the same language, the same god, same experiences, just they didn't get a long.
• Sparta was a big city state
• Women had a fair amount of respect and a bigger responsibility than Athens society.  
• covered 4,000 sq miles
• Cleisthenes was inspired by the stories and myths. 
• Iliad story of the Trojan wars, Odyssey story of Odisious trying to get home after the Trojan war. 
• Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey. 
• Tyrant- somebody that comes in a seizes control. 
• Pisistratus- Cleisthenes brother in law, comes in with "The Goddess" 
• Hippias- brother got killed and he got very paranoid and killed lots of people and imprisoning people
• Cleisthenes- 510 B.C. one of the most powerful figures in Greece, fought Hippias and won and took over Athens.
• 40,000 people come and watch the Olympics, travel hundreds of miles
• rich people competed around rich people for glory
• than anyone could compete so anyone could win
• Isagoris- aristocrat, believed power was his right, he turned to outside Athens for support, Sparta. Wants to ceize control from Cleisthenes
• Isagoris ceized control of Athens 
• Cleisthenes had to leave his city along with his family
• the people of athens forced Isagoris to surrender after three days 
• the first time in human history that regular people rose up against their leaders and threw him out 
• 508 B.C. athens first step to empire and glory . ordinary people seized power for themselves. 
• Cleisthenes returned to Athens and formed a democratic government
• Ogora- anyone could up on the rock explain what they wanted to do next
• every 9 days they would met and figure out what to do 
• Pheidippeds- ran 140 miles in just two days to get help against the Persians, but help was refused. 
• the Greeks are people who want freedom.
• the Persians put more emphasize on discipline.
• It was between freedom or slavery.
• every man had to become a soldier in Greece
• Hoplites- a soldier who had their own armor and weapons 
• Athens were a small but determined force
• Athens killed 6,000 Persians in one days, Athens won. 
• Themistocles- fought on the battle field at Marathon.
• Themistocles was one of histories greatest leaders, he was the savior of his city.
• Trireme- ram the enemies ship narrow light and fast weapon. 
• Themistocles wanted to spend the money on trireme. 
• Themistocles convinced his people to build a fleet of 200 men navy
• Persian king died than Xerxes came to power
• Xerxes wanted to burn Athens to the ground
• 483 B.C. the Persian army set out for Greece. 
• Phase two of the Persian war. Darius lost against Greece so Xerxes invaded Greece.
• Athens was Xerxes first target.
• Athens sent someone to the Oracle. 
• Oracles- being able to see in the future, communicate with the gods. Reading the patterns of birds and interpreting what it means. 
• Oracle at Delphi- best communication with god. the most famous, "What could they do to save themselves" answer: "all is ruined, fly to the ends of the earth" you should run. 
• Themistocles plan: avoid conflict on land, fight the Persians at sea.
• First evacuation in history. 
• Salamis and Athenian main land is where Themistocles wants to fight.
• Persians burn the temples, and occupy Athens.
• The Persians navy has 4 times as many ships as the Greeks. 
• Themistocles sent a Greek sailor over to Xerxes to tell him i have inside information, save my life. He said Greeks are fighting against themselves they don't know what to do, they are ready to sail out the other end.  
• The Greeks won. Persian navy lost 200 ships. 
• 540 B.C. Delian League had become Athens Empire 
• Ostracized- Athenians wrote a name on a shard of pottery on who they want out of Athens and who is becoming to powerful
• Themistocles was ostracized 
• Themistocles died in Persia in exile.